Professor Howard Hayden with Avi Nelson

" There's -- Norma Holloway cars show we're simply wanted to get tricked out the truth doesn't hurt. Good via the an -- season -- Absolutely distortions and the dishonest attacks that he is put forth. That's not been very helpful my company some governments only he can sixteen."

" instinctively. Girls and me. Podium lovely show that's on radio -- were not happy formal official -- But just as residents rely on wives husbands. Friends of long years he will be my close confidant and adviser as I was with him a --"

" I don't most expensive car on our little. Volatile aren't chop was wrong but take responsibility for people but I think his support it that you don't that we you make the mistake -- guilty to. The truth we've got a president who was unwilling to do that -- that you learn from your office day."

" Yeah handled it through we Nelson filling in for the vacationing how we guard our. How are you how are you happy I out the big mama Howard Gardner WRKO radio networks."

" And good afternoon everybody AM this is Saudi Nelson -- is on vacation you will be back tomorrow mama wanted after. And to begin the New Year right and I'll start by wishing you all a happy New Year and I'll reiterate that through the course of the program. Well today we're gonna do things and elevate -- awareness of the the year ending is attempting that temptation to look back and forward at the same time and we're going to be doing that as well. We're going to start the program with a discussion about global warming. And then we have the scientist coming on we'll talk about the universal fundamental questions. How did -- get -- where we're going what we can look forward to who we are in the world life in other and other systems. Any question you want to ask about the numbers we should turn our attention to politics at some point because it is hot stuff in the Iowa caucuses. Are coming right up and then lastly I thought it might be instinct posed the question. About new year's resolution we all make them. But a -- might be fun to come up with -- new year's resolutions that others should make I suspect our list might be longer and he might have. -- suggestions for them than we do for ourselves to that's all public going forward. Before we started let me also mention that for those of you who listened to the program at the end of last week and you know that the Big Dig is coming to ended officially today -- And we had ABC news come in two do an interview with me in and -- some of the calls and was going to be on the evening news last night it's 630. And that was the intention and it was a good faith effort and I got and I know they were working on it because. On Saturday I got a couple of calls and emails as they were doing the editing had a couple of questions and then on Sunday got an email that said. We're not going to do it because you've got bombed by the press of news -- going on Pakistan and also the political scene in Iowa. So it was deferred I don't know it's gonna going -- you have another date and they said not yet we'll get back if you sell my apologies to everybody thought it was going to be on I think it will be. But I don't know went. In any case they have not delay the ending of the Big Dig just because we were non BC all right airwaves some housekeeping now for those of you want to participate. Our phone number toll free 8774694322. And if you'd like email me Jane Nelson had WRKO dot com and we do look at give a fax number two. Poland on as many people use aperture welcome to communicate that -- 617779346. I'll repeat those numbers during the program so he'll have ample opportunity. Now let's get to it one of the more controversial topics that is dominated 2007 and was there before and it's going to be there in 2008. The question of climate change or global -- On line with me is doctor Howard Hayden. He was professor of physics for over thirty years at the University of Connecticut is now emeritus professor. And he has an interest and and has been active in this whole global warming controversy question. He joined just now in your thoughts are welcomed doctor -- good afternoon thank you for joining us and happy New Year."

" Here it is. All right let's start with the basic question here the controversy about global warming is the climate of the plan getting warmer setting aside for a moment whether you know what the causes are. Is it actually getting warm."

" Yes it is getting warmer has been getting warmer for -- more or less steady for few years now since the and that the little -- say yes it is that went through a cooling period from nineteen two there 1949 -- Presently it's warming believe so yes it is --"

" I remember reading an article lining I have -- on my computer in the New York Times says who -- in 1976 I think it was it said. Consensus scientist she global cooling. And this was a big play in the mid seventies you're saying yes indeed there was a trend downward and it reversed. Now why did it reversed."

" Knows that's why we lives coincidence sort of certain extraordinarily complicated situation very very slow very Asians while however and so four we can actually. Predict the weather fare well small regions -- matter several days or few days are. Projecting future that is well a whole lot."

" Yeah I guess you know the I've heard people raise the question does that can't tell you what the weather's can do next week cut and they tell me what the weather's going to do over the next decade or half century or century. Is that a fair challenge to the the the prognosticators here."

" Yes 1 let me tell you but no four for example no the whether on Venus in the much hotter whether water only because it's closer to the side. Or -- cities if for summaries son -- to war. Twenty degrees here with warm by one degree. Almost contingent upon its -- the other part of it is we the we make predictions based on the way things are and so awful what's happened world. Every prediction eight is step wise -- oh we sort -- What the conditions World Series -- So terribly much -- before uncertainties in status washing out. What."

" If you're just joining us good afternoon to you and happy New Year this is -- Nelson filling in for now he car and new online with me is doctor Howard Hayden emeritus professor of physics from the University of Connecticut. The subject is global warming -- climate change. And you thought you while Gloria do this for the first portion of program and then we will shift over. Now word the you'd mentioned Venus and anxiety understand that does have a runaway greenhouse effect we've heard the term greenhouse effect applied here. Two the question of carbon dioxide -- is there something is this something to it is there are greenhouse effect here -- should we be concerned about it."

" Well are certainly is an atmosphere we look at penis nine times as much mystery pressure the gases so almost side oh differences in peacefully it's very important something useful -- war and."

" She always served a do we have to be concerned about the amount of Carmen -- I mean this is now very much -- vote to talk about the carbon footprint and and people and goes so far the -- people who got sterilized -- they wouldn't have children -- they would use resources and and we shouldn't burn coal because it emits some carbon dioxide and that's going to. Enhanced the affected or all going to drown in the waters I've been only slightly hyperbolic in terms of what people are telling us."

" Well I think what you're talking about yours door at the -- But she will propagate others there is. -- apartment it is increasing but if you take a long. Old back to well -- or find out that the president raptors a new -- in the very low that's so oh oh buried below. -- side that are in what is existence so yours oh we -- If we have a little bit more carbon dioxide here and sides but there's something like that your -- it's all right."

" Let me hang -- though as I understand it of course plans taking in -- actually are carbon dioxide in the amid oxygen. And we do the other way around which is -- plants are our bodies in this in this grand ecosystem. We ask your fundamental question and as I ask -- I'm gonna actually invite the audience also do not be concerned about asking a dumb question. There's no such thing as a dumb question -- Einstein was one stretch curiosity. If you have curiosity about these issues. This is all we need we are not doing a graduate seminar where you have to be a biochemist are physicists like. Like doctor -- in order to participate in the discussions that doesn't do any good in terms of the grand question of regarding policy. Two if you have fundamental questions by all means and I'll start with one carbon dioxide is heavier than air. You know what she owed to word is there is 2 or income nitrogen. And the CO two with the C is heavier than the Archie why did you go up. Anyway in the first place why -- car monoxide sitting down to the bottom."

" Well in a situation where there's little ocean you're fine the old to increase -- concentration CO two would in fact -- trees but there's a lot of their function well fusion is actually slows so that's -- in the answer for that. Of the stratosphere the whole world when he. Or or to and so it's it's well it's bound by rules yet."

" We're okay now. Should we be concerned about it at all and you should we be trying into the carbon dioxide is increasing and all should we be making any attempting ruefully steer clear of these gross changes that people have suggested. Should we be at all concerned about energy conservation from the point of view selling -- for the moment. Oil from the Middle East in the political considerations from the scientific considerations of climate change should be be we be worried about the carbon footprint."

" Well I would worry one -- about -- what when conservation only but conservation one thing like many so often misunderstood conscious patient as oh. All of its -- role -- should use. -- while -- for example the last oil crisis in went for higher mileage cars well sure oil -- oil. Right and so or another way of looking. In first that are room over a larger with cool -- there last all by computers increase efficiency. There was the just ample world or all of more let's or. All of us -- every -- every desk in the whole world there's. On -- overall these. -- increase efficiency oh. -- all of -- of."

" If you're just joining good afternoon I'm Bonnie Nelson an on line between doctor Howard Hayden professor emeritus University of Connecticut we're talking about climate change global warming your thoughts. Comments criticisms questions are welcome. 8774694322 it is the phone number. And let's go to lines with doctor -- information -- many are first up on the program good afternoon --"

" Good afternoon and happy New Year yeah he's the proposed at times are have these conversations about global warming with people but I know and my point has always been. I believe science. Should be concerned quit. What happens in the past of pride of fossil fuels lawnmowers and automobiles for instance Cape Cod itself. Well what formed with the advances of glaciers from the melting and advances over many here. What -- the advances and the melting all before the use of fossil fuel that would concern me because certainly. This may happen again regardless of the actually of these lawnmower that we why."

" Many thanks for the question no where I guess professionally he's saying is what caused all these climate changes before we ever got to the industrial revolution."

" Though that it raises some very good points it turns out during the old 45 though yours through many at a glacial well glacial cycles in the glacial glacial cycles lasted. Under yours in inflation three yours. And that is all cause by. Very minuscule changes in orbit you're such changes should be. Leftists and so the so what it is cities in this one closest which which hemisphere northern southern and presently closest worry as well why. Land mass which is most land or -- summer. So -- of the main things climate there for you know years. -- after earth warms with what has happened is oceans warm. And war -- source cold."

" New England when the word or two in the ocean is warmer just evaporates mores that it."

" It's the without that there are several different processes. All some balls life cycle justice and -- From -- warms sort of old."

" You know okay. On the on the questions that you have this is your opportunity 8774694322 I know these are inherently complicated. Because science is complicated it's not simplistic sometimes are. -- Arab nations from the science get a little simplistic and that's were going to try to sort out so bare with us doctor Howard Hayden is. Professor of marriage and University of Connecticut the -- actually stayed good afternoon stayed at renewing sharing your next on the program."

" Well good afternoon thanks for taking my call that people -- at a time time time somewhere in northern Wisconsin is pretty chilly. Caller from the cellphone if we get cut off slave I apologize for that. It's not -- is not global warming just those. Home amplified below today is that right Lyle -- quick quick quick question -- First volume empowered me to make this call haven't listened to -- in -- guest -- that while I don't know enough to call -- that -- goofy question but you're encouragement made me do it -- you."

" Well I'm glad because you know men maybe you'll encourage others way out on the line -- mentioned doctor Howard Hayden. Was emeritus professor of physics from the University of Connecticut were talking about climate change and please do not be intimidated they ask whatever goofy -- dumb question. You want this is what the program's all about it."

" but thank you because I have a Ph.D. and DUMB. So I feel I'd -- going to appreciate your pictures from just com. But look at this we got a question and a statement I guess both like that that doctor if he's still there."

" OK good thank you the common -- what I remember in the late seventies could have been the late eighties. Everything you read -- global cooling and predictions were made within ten or fifteen years there was going to be nothing but an ice ball. And we've it was man's fault. We -- whatever we're doing at that time would lead in the global freezing and now all of a sudden -- global warming I have a hard time. Jumping in the the -- date line here to believe in global warming. It's it seemed like earth that can do it's gonna do and let that's like comedy if the doctor could they have few cities that one."

" I must say it I must say Steve before professor Hayden gets -- that does sound goofy and all the made by the way -- your comment -- questioned okay Howard -- assure that your response."

" Yes the years the -- is going to do what it's do for well for example we hear all of these hysterical people complaining about disappearance of glaciers glaciers are receiving about 750 which is before the American revolution. And and United States for example we did start using significant amounts -- For the next summer years fifty one -- became significant energy sources would inflation hasn't been receiving since then primarily people tend to worry about a lot of things they -- words for example they worry about opening Arctic well. If you. Go down as those ski report -- Arctic doesn't sound quite as nice as some or and so where who has. The responses response and the ciskei -- under hundreds of attention and smoke and two miles states the high temperature a recorder itself -- something like seven degrees. -- there's something like 151 below. One wonders whether the so these alarmist think that there might be a different opening point --"

" Did you get this Steve's point you know before thirty years ago when it was our fault that do we are causing global cooling now it's our fault that were causing global warming. Is -- our fault at all."

" Yellow -- flowers that are but these people a fifth street. They think that you mentioned affect the climate that your so it's yeah --"

" Let me let me ask a question and Steve thanks for the call and good luck in 25 below Wisconsin and it probably could use of global warming of the -- guys out there are probably thinking of this some global warming a -- for the spring on. I have two articles in front of me one was shut. Published I guess a couple of days ago and one is dated December 19 one says. As 2007 drew to a close it was shaping up to be this is 2007 it was shaping up to be the hottest year on record in the Northern Hemisphere. And the other one is entitled. As global warming stop the fact is that global temperature of 2007 is that pistol -- the same is 2006. In every year since 2001. To any -- read the articles and I've written by your at least enters the language. They're not written by idiots how can there be this direct conflict to people looking at what's supposed to be data. And coming to opposite conclusions."

" Well others two major source on the as the place around the world so -- if I think you'd get the average temperatures in your bunch of monitors -- just -- you'd talk for example -- there may be -- thermometers in Salt Lake City there's occasional one. Remote place to take the -- average of those or exactly what you do. It turns out a lot of or monitors. Location -- for -- and the fire which. All right which is what they all these as these kept leave and why lot of cases especially -- countries. The only good ways to -- temperature earth satellites if you looked at the satellite data from applying this satellites launched average rate of through decisions I said -- yet it is about a settlement of the insults -- for decades. Whereas -- Currently offers -- one first century words down this so like point you'll. Eight these -- decades."

" So it's really really small change."

" well it's it is changing its point 8 or resell for decades --"

" Judging by the way is the same descending gradually eluded more with the with Fahrenheit. Okay our phone numbers 8774694322 we're talking my climate change yes you know and if so is that our fault and if so should we be doing something doctor Howard Hayden. Emeritus professor of physics University of Connecticut Bobbie Nelson filling in for Howie -- looked over the lines now billion next on the program good afternoon bill."

" out right asks questions for the professor of -- imperial. That talks about in terms of following the party line with regards to educators and think college professors and such. And that if they don't try -- again totally. See global warming is you know while we're all going to die. -- thank and that they lose potential research money for future projects semi want to get involved in or again -- and in an unfair -- WAV by the universe in general and."

" Good question -- the broader question Howard you know the we -- communal politics but there's academic politics really either political pressures here. Two -- go along with the prevailing orthodoxy."

" Well I've been out of university for eight years like it was. Saying that. I don't really know what is going on inside -- some numbers of these the president signed I don't know school right cheers capable of course student group that's been the preaching about global warming this -- region I mean it will tolerate no old disagreement whatsoever. It's it's -- kind of pathetic in Nazis. But eight try to get university to look to does that some high schools where but he. Refused to let that Al Gore's national. -- somebody's so responsible individuals presents an opposing point of view. But this university yours part of that."

" So much for academic freedom her."

" Well -- I mean the university very quiet -- we we tolerate that's usually universities are generally all of opposing point of view. But there is went -- I was back to Connecticut Thursday I do is talk it was a posing be that list and so forth -- City's high marks we're given world before he actually -- opens bow Seoul I think there as a problem."

" Let's go to Lou lines again -- next call another bill different bill good afternoon bill happy New Year -- question."

" Every -- I have -- high school background in chemistry like you know do what doctors and as of now but I'll have a few questions that like to ask them. It -- as I understand it. It took four billion years to create ozone layer through thunderstorms. And that molested years we lost its percent of our ozone layer to welcome -- floor carpet. I'm Mike question that is also depletion correct. But the altar -- from the song and our atmosphere. I'll bounce -- of our circus that are allowed to escape hole in the ozone layer which would. There will be operable blanket to protect us from -- becoming a ya quite traumatic down as -- in the beginning. Are we didn't act becoming an icy continent extinction on the planet."

" Clinton is staying out because as I hear you describe bid room -- means we're going to end up a little too fluid intense global cooling that. -- what do you think."

" Well actually -- the the ozone. Stratosphere is is created by sunlight incidents on. Oxygen molecules also by the way isn't molecules consisting. -- watch two and so Ozal let's oxygen all the fuel. And one of the other in oh oxygen atoms beliefs. Join lots of -- And that's a process actually explains it requires. That's sending you ozone is primarily -- poll that was discovered. It's six well before atmosphere and the reason is. Primarily during the Austral winter summer or sphere. There it's basically cyclone last for months and months well so -- where there's the most -- and there's Ozal -- And so there's no influx Ozal for more obstacles latitude. Seoul the and thoughtful letter which is over. That's what usually your great story -- in larger force here."

" No we didn't mean good -- Al Gore hasn't made a movie about he had -- anything --"

" If not perhaps it was but less. Well well well -- four."

" And I hadn't and there are some people who get disappointed when those -- the facts don't take place we got next to John good afternoon John happy New Year what's your question."

" And these deals and clap my layman -- with the fact that the planet -- that planet cooling took place you're in 1940 through 1970. This took place in spite of all immunity use. Jordan will -- true. And otherwise career in Vietnam just the name a couple of this concluded nuclear bomb testing and nuclear bond -- Has anyone taken a look at these major and it uses they relate to global cooling or warming."

" It's okay -- the -- about those energy that we use uses trivial compared with the about a better -- we get so. So those things like nuclear power plants are older. Or oil or whatever these the energy itself from absolutely trivial. Effective on the -- temperature the year with people worry about is can burn coal with carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. That Serbs green house gas well biggest greenhouse gases CO two well people often say it is because greenhouse gases water vapor. And that is something like a 200 time travel is CO two but but see the energy production and to no effect. Here."

" I got a question emailed -- from and last about the -- wobble an island in the sun spots these these natural phenomenon that they have effects on our climate."

" certain the earth the -- it's or little. Changed little one of that is the the or it becomes more or less circular otherwise it is with all recession -- the Earth's axis. Is now pointing toward -- are it's it's blue route march actors 16 yours. And -- actual -- of the axis wobbled two here but. But he yes it does it effect."

" very let me ask you -- you know would you -- that your view as a skeptic with regard to global warming is that the majority or minority view of balls scientist who looked at this climate colleges a lot of scientists and -- and and so on."

" Well I would say it's well probably he's no -- actually it was done assessments with such -- one reasons the was actually like colleges -- allies that your in has stepped believers -- the."

" Why is it that we get assuming that this show it to for the -- mixed bag split cause. Why -- you can we get so much noise on the one side and the other army to the point where. -- and sometimes the position of skepticism in the Milan on the campus what's going on with what is supposed to be a scientific dispassionate approach to a a legitimate question."

" Lester bird legitimate questions. There're a number of the strike is of course we here for example well there were 25 sciences -- to CC. Well they have got. Missiles politicians. Number of like all the citizens it's action fuel under. Large -- stepped whether you write -- so it political people very very much to gain by essentially clamping down on US productivity."

" And -- We have come to the end of the segment I want to thank you very much -- him for being with us -- trying to shed some light a subject that -- very emotional. I'm feeling we haven't heard the last that I hope we can call on you again and in the meantime many health green and healthy and prosperous 2008."

" All of my best you thank you."

" Thanks for being windows but. Doctor Howard a number emeritus professor of physics University of Connecticut. We're going to take a break on the other side we're gonna talk about the universe where we came from where we're going not to make -- probably seen him on television radio. He's going to be whether some on the Nelson it's we can't program"